Key Figures of the Renaissance

Sofonisba Anguissola - Italian Portrait Painter (1532-1625)

Giuseppe Arcimboldo - Italian Painter (1527-1593)

http://www.sandlotscience.com/EyeonIllusions/Arcimboldo.htm

http://www.illumin.co.uk/svank/biog/arcim/arcbio.html

http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/bio/a/arcimbol/biograph.html

http://www.abcgallery.com/A/arcimboldo/arcimboldobio.html

Sir Francis Bacon - English Philosopher (1561-1626)

http://www.luminarium.org/sevenlit/bacon/

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/francis-bacon/

http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Philosophy/Bacon.htm

http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/philosophers/bacon.html

Hieronymous Bosch - Netherlandish Painter (1450-1516)

http://www.absolutearts.org/masters/names/Hieronymus_Bosch.html

http://www.abcgallery.com/B/bosch/boschbio.html

http://www.theartgallery.com.au/ArtEducation/greatartists/Bosch/about/

http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/bosch/

Sandro Botticelli - Italian Painter (1445-1510)

http://sunsite.dk/cgfa/botticel/index.html

http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/botticelli/

http://www.artchive.com/artchive/B/botticelli.html

http://www.myrrhine.net/botticelli/biography.html

Tycho Brahe - Danish Astronomer (1546-1601)

http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Brahe.html

http://www.nada.kth.se/~fred/tycho/index.html

http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/tycho/catfm.htm?tycho

http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/brahe.html

Pieter Bruegel the Elder - Flemish Artist (1530-1569)

http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/bio/b/bruegel/pieter_e/biograph.html

http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/bruegel1/index.html

http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/bruegel/

http://www.artchive.com/artchive/B/bruegel.html

Filippo Brunelleschi - Italian Architect (1377-1446)

http://www.mega.it/eng/egui/pers/fibru.htm

http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Brunelleschi.html

http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Filippo_Brunelleschi.html

http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/html/b/brunelle/

John Calvin - French Theologian & Reformer (1509-1564)

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03195b.htm

http://www.ccel.org/c/calvin/calvin.html

http://www.calvin.edu/about/about_jc.htm

http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/John_Calvin.htm

Miguel de Cervantes - Spanish Writer (1547-1616)

http://www.online-literature.com/cervantes/

http://www.fortunecity.com/tinpan/quickstep/1103/book25.htm

http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/cervantes/biography/new_english_cerv_bio.html

http://quixote.mse.jhu.edu/Cervantes.html

Christopher Columbus - Italian Explorer (1451-1506)

http://www.mariner.org//educationalad/ageofex/columbus.php

http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/1492.exhibit/c-Columbus/columbus.html

http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/columbus.html

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/columbus2.html

http://www.italian-american.com/columbus.htm

Nicolaus Copernicus - Polish Astronomer (1473-1543)

http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Copernicus.html

http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Science/Copernicus.htm

http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96feb/copernicus.html

http://www.frombork.art.pl/Ang11.htm

Hernando Cortez - Spanish Explorer (1485-1547)

http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/aztec.html

http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=445

http://www.carpenoctem.tv/military/cortes.html

http://www.geocities.com:0080/Athens/7012/bios/explorers/cortez.htm

Vasco da Gama - Portuguese Navigator (1469-1524)

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06374a.htm

http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/vasco.html

http://campus.northpark.edu/history//WebChron/WestEurope/DaGama.html

http://www.dalbsoutss.qld.edu.au/World_Explorers/da_gama.htm

Leonardo da Vinci - Italian Artist and Scientific Thinker (1452-1519)

http://www.kausal.com/leonardo/index.shtml

http://www.mos.org/leonardo/

http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/vinci/

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/vinci.html

Dante Alighieri - Italian Poet (1265-1321)

http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/dante.htm

http://www.online-literature.com/dante/

http://www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/authors/about_dante_alighieri.html

http://www.greatdante.net/life.html

Lorenzo de Medici - Italian Statesman (1449-1492)

http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/people_n2/persons6_n2/medici.html

http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96jan/lorenzo.html

http://www.vanderbilt.edu/htdocs/Blair/Courses/MUSL242/f98/robing.htm

http://www.pbs.org/empires/medici/index.html

Rene Descartes - Mathematician (1596-1650)

http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/philosophers/descartes.html

http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Descartes.html

http://www.renedescartes.com/

http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/descarts.html

Donatello - Sculptor (1386-1466)

http://www.artist-biography.info/artist/donatello/?lang=en&id=872

http://www.artchive.com/artchive/D/donatello.html

http://keptar.demasz.hu/arthp/bio/d/donatell/biograph.htm

http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/bio/d/donatell/biograph.html

Sir Francis Drake - English Navigator (1540-1596)

http://www.legends.dm.net/pirates/drake.html

http://www.mariner.org/age/drake.html

http://www.nmm.ac.uk/site/request/setTemplate:singlecontent/contentTypeA/conWebDoc/contentId/140

http://www.nps.gov/fora/drake.htm

Albrecht Durer - German Artist (1471-1528)

http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/durer/

http://www.artchive.com/artchive/D/durer.html

http://sunsite.dk/cgfa/durer/

http://www.geocities.com/durerweb/

El Greco - Spanish Painter (1541-1614)

http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/greco/

http://www.artchive.com/artchive/E/el_greco.html

http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/greco/

http://www.abcgallery.com/E/elgreco/elgreco.html

Elizabeth I - English Queen (1533-1603)

http://www.luminarium.org/renlit/eliza.htm

http://www.elizabethi.org/us/

http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page46.asp

http://www.royalty.nu/Europe/England/Tudor/ElizabethI.html

Desiderius Erasmus - Dutch Humanist (1466-1536)

http://www.ciger.be/erasmus/

http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/erasmus.html

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05510b.htm

http://myweb.lsbu.ac.uk/~stafflag/erasmus.html

Ferdinand II and Isabella I - (1451-1516)

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06040a.htm

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08177a.htm

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/columbus2.html

http://www.wga.hu/tours/spain/ferdina2.html

http://womenshistory.about.com/cs/medrenqueens/p/p_isabella_i.htm

Galileo Galilei - Italian Astronomer and Physicist (1564-1642)

http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96feb/galileo.html

http://www.astrology.about.com/science/astrology/library/weekly/aa022200a.htm

http://library.thinkquest.org/23830/galilei.htm

http://galileo.imss.firenze.it/museo/b/egalilg.html

Artemisia Gentileschi - Italian Painter (1593-1652)

http://www.artemisia-gentileschi/index.shtml

http://www.ic.arizona.edu/ic/mcbride/ws200/gentil.htm

http://www.humanitiesweb.org/cgi-bin/human.cgi?s=g&p=c&a=s&ID=210

http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/bio/g/gentiles/artemisi/biograph.html

Johannes Gutenberg - German Inventor (c.1397-1468)

http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/gutenberg.htm

http://www.myfonts.com/person/gutenberg/johann/

http://www.iath.virginia.edu/elab/hfl0228.html

http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blJohannesGutenberg.htm

Henry VIII - English King (1509-1547)

http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon41.html

http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/page1211.asp

http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0823372.html

http://www.britainexpress.com/History/Henry_VIII.htm

Hans Holbein - German painter (1497-1543)

http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/holbein/

http://www.artchive.com/artchive/H/holbein.html

http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/hholbein2/

http://www.abcgallery.com/H/holbein/holbein.html

Joan of Arc - (1412-1431)

http://hometown.aol.com/hywwebsite/private/joanofarc.html

http://www.stjoan-center.com/#bio

http://www.distinguishedwomen.com/biographies/joanarc.html

http://www.historychannel.com/exhibits/trial/joan.html

Johannes Kepler - German Astronomer (1571-1630)

http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/history/kepler.html

http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/People/kepler.html

http://space.about.com/cs/astronomerbios/a/keplerbio.htm

http://sirius.phy.hr/~dpaar/fizicari/xkepler.html

http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/starry/kepler.html

Louise Labe – French Poet (1520/22-1566)

chttp://oldpoetry.com/oauthor/show/Louise_Labe

http://home.infionline.net/~ddisse/labe.html

http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/enc3/louise_lab%C3%A9

http://www.biographybase.com/biography/Labe_Louise.html

St. Ignatius Loyola - Spanish Priest (1491-1556)

http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=56

http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/sainti01.htm

http://www.tntt.org/vni/tlieu/saints/St0731.htm

http://elvis.rowan.edu/~kilroy/JEK/07/31b.html

Nicolo Machiavelli - Statesman and Political Philosopher (1469-1527)

http://members.tripod.com/skullcer/Machiaveli.html

http://www.ctbw.com/lubman.htm

http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96may/machiavelli.html

http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/macv.htm

Martin Luther - German Reformer (1483-1546)

http://library.thinkquest.org/12160/people/luther.htm

http://spindleworks.com/library/rfaber/luther_edu.htm

http://www.wsu.edu/%7Edee/REFORM/LUTHER.HTM

http://historymedren.about.com/library/who/blwwluther.htm?once=true&

http://www.wittenberg.de/en/seiten/personen/luther.html

Ferdinand Magellan - Portuguese Navigator (c1480-1521)

http://www.mariner.org/educationalad/ageofex/magellan.php

http://www.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.142

http://www.studyworld.com/ferdinand_magellan.htm

http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/magellan/guide6.html

http:// http://www.geocities.com/rob_neptune/bios/magellan_ferdinand.htm

Michelangelo Buonarroti - Italian Artist (1475-1564)

http://www.michelangelo.com/buon/bio-index2.html

http://sunsite.dk/cgfa/michelan/index.html

http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/bio/m/michelan/biograph.html

http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/michelangelo/

http://www.abcgallery.com/M/michelangelo/michelangelo.html

Sir Thomas More – English Statesman (1478–1535)

http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/philosophers/more.html

http://www.d-holliday.com/tmore/bio.htm

http://www.englishhistory.net/tudor/citizens/more.html

http://www.luminarium.org/renlit/morebio.htm

Sir Isaac Newton - English Mathematician (1642-1747)

http://www.newton.cam.ac.uk/newtlife.html

http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Newton/RouseBall/RB_Newton.html

http://www.reformation.org/newton.html

http://www.luminarium.org/sevenlit/newton/

http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Newton.html

Henry the Navigator - Portuguese Prince (1394-1460)

http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/henry1.html

http://www.mariner.org/age/princehenry.html

http://mappa.mundi.net/locus/locus_011/

http://www.mrdowling.com/610-henry.html

Ambroise Paré – French Doctor (1510-1590)

http://www.faqs.org/health/bios/81/Ambroise-Par.html

http://uh.edu/engines/epi327.htm

http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/General-Information-and-Biographies/Par-Ambroise.html

http://www.strangescience.net/pare.htm

Francesco Petrarch - Italian Poet (1304-1374)

http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0838624.html

http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761566165/Petrarch.html

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11778a.htm

http://petrarch.petersadlon.com/bio.html

Francisco Pizarro - Spanish Conqueror (c1476-1541)

http://www.bruce.ruiz.net/PanamaHistory/francisco_pizarro.htm

http://www.geocities.com/rob_neptune/bios/pizarro_francisco.htm

http://www.pbs.org/opb/conquistadors/peru/adventure2/a1.htm

http://famousamericans.net/franciscopizarro/

Marco Polo - Venitian Traveller and Explorer (1254-1324)

http://www.susqu.edu/history/medtrav/MarcoPolo/bio.htm

http://www.iexplore.com/res/explorer_polo.jhtml

http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/Marco/get.html

http://www.usnews.com/usnews/doubleissue/mysteries/marco.htm

Sir Walter Raleigh - British Explorer (1554-1618)

http://www.britishexplorers.com/woodbury/raleigh.html

http://www.lib.unc.edu/ncc/ref/swr/swr.html

http://www.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.161

http://www.phfawcettsweb.org/walter.htm

Rembrandt - Dutch Painter (1606-1669)

http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/rembrandt/

http://www.theartgallery.com.au/ArtEducation/greatartists/Rembrandt/about/

http://www.pet-portraitartist.com/old-masters/artists/artists-Rembrandt.htm

http://www.spanisharts.com/history/barroco/i_barroco_rembrandt.html

Raphael Sanzio - Italian artist (1483-1520)

http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/raphael/

http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/raphael/

http://www.abcgallery.com/R/raphael/raphaelbio.html

http://www.theartgallery.com.au/ArtEducation/greatartists/Raphael/about/

William Shakespeare - English Writer (1564-1616)

http://absoluteshakespeare.com/trivia/biography/shakespeare_biography.htm

http://www.shakespeare-literature.com/

http://www.galegroup.com/free_resources/poets/bio/shakespeare.htm

http://web.uvic.ca/shakespeare/Library/SLTnoframes/life/lifesubj.html

http://web.uvic.ca/shakespeare/Library/SLTnoframes/intro/introsubj.html

Titan - Venetian Painter (c. 1485-1576)

http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/titian/

http://www.sacklunch.net/biography/T/Titian.html

http://www.boglewood.com/cornaro/xtitian.html

http://www.abcgallery.com/T/titian/titianbio.htm

Jan van Eyck - Flemish Painter (1390-1441)

http://www.artchive.com/artchive/V/van_eyck.html

http://www.sai.msu.su/cjackson/eyck/

http://www.abcgallery.com/E/eyck/eyckbio.html

http://www.ibiblio.org/louvre/paint/auth/eyck/

Amerigo Vespucci - Italian Navigator (1454-1512)

http://www.studyworld.com/Amerigo_Vespucci.htm

http://muweb.millersville.edu/~columbus/papers/butch-1.html

http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa050498.htm

http://www.virtualology.com/virtualmuseumofhistory/hallofexplorers/AMERIGOVESPUCCI.ORG/

John Wycliffe - (1320-1384)

http://www.wycliffe.org/history/JWycliff.htm

http://www.wayoflife.org/fbns/john-wycliffe.html

http://www.wayoflife.org/articles/johnwycliffe.htm

http://www.d.umn.edu/~aroos/wycliffe.html