• Students know plants and animals have levels of organization for structure and function, including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism.
• Students know organ systems function because of the contributions of individual organs, tissues, and cells. The failure of any part can affect the entire system.

• Students know how bones and muscles work together to provide a structural framework for movement.
• Students know how to compare joints in the body (wrist, shoulder, thigh) with structures used in machines and simple devices (hinge, ball-and-socket, and sliding joints).
• Students know how levers confer mechanical advantage and how the application of this principle applies to the musculoskeletal system.

• Students know that contractions of the heart generate blood pressure and that heart valves prevent back flow of blood in the circulatory system.

• Students know how to relate the structures of th eye and ear to their functions.

• Students know how the reproductive organs of the human female and male generate eggs and sperm and how sexual activity may lead to fertilization and pregnancy.
• Students know the function of the umbilicus and placenta during pregnancy.

Patricia Ware

Manhattan Beach Middle School

1501 Redondo Beach Avenue

Manhattan Beach, CA 90266

310.318.7345 ext. 3105